Electrical loads: starting pulse, functioning in case of undervoltage and overvoltage, operating current, quiescent current, reverse polarity, overcurrent, prolonged overvoltage, jump-starting, slow drop and slow rise of the supply voltage, slow drop and fast rise of the supply voltage, clearing and resetting behavior, protection against short-circuits of the signal line and the load circuits, withstand voltage, insulation resistance, Pin breaks and plug breaks, overlapping AC voltages, grounding offsets, short-lived low voltage, load throw, intelligently controlled voltage waveforms, transient overvoltage, transient disconnection, etc.